Whitepapers

Petro-chemical refiners are required to move crude oil great distances throughout the refining process. Crude oil contains various salts which can lead to corrosion or plugging at various stages in the equipment. Water wash is of-ten implemented to scrub the salts from the process stream to mitigate corrosion risks. Two modes of pipe degradation are addressed in this work: acid corrosion and erosion due to high wall shear stress. The primary focus of this study is to define the parameters with largest impact on the reduction of corrosion and erosion. Distribution of injected water wash and downstream behavior of the excess fluid are the focus of this investigation. This study builds on previous empirical and simulation studies of water wash techniques. A hydraulic spray and multiple quill style injectors were investigated with a nominally uniform cross-flow. These results demonstrate the trajectory change as well as the change in spray plume characteristics over a range of spray types and operating conditions, including counter-current and cross-current operation. The experimental results were acquired with a LaVision Laser Sheet Imaging (LSI) and an Artium Phase Doppler Interferometer (PDI), to measure the spray shape, size, distribution characteristics as well as droplet size and velocity. The spray simulations were conducted using ANSYS FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package in conjunction with custom spray injection methods developed in-house. Experimental results are compared with the simulation results to indicate the amount of wash water that can be entrained to interact with the gas stream for corrosion mitigation.

Reducing turnaround duration can dramatically increase refinery profitability. Historically, cooling hydrotreater, hydrocracker, or reformer catalyst has often been on the critical path when maintenance was being performed on those units. This white paper will demonstrate an alternative approach to catalyst cooling that eliminates nitrogen injection and shortens the duration of this task.

Technology providers have been successful utilizing FCC Units to produce propylene by high severity operation, but gasoline yield has been neglected. New technology is being commercialized to separate the aromatics from gasoline to use them directly for downstream applications. Additionally, the olefin fraction can be converted into aromatics through a simple fixed-bed reaction system.

New pump health monitoring solutions combine process and equipment data to drive higher reliability through a more holistic view of pump health. This paper will focus on basic and advanced monitoring techniques for centrifugal pumps as they are the most prevalent in industrial process applications.

The practice of employing ultrasonic-based intelligent pig technology to inspect serpentine coils in fired heaters is commonly implemented by refinery and plant operators. In years past, the presence of plug headers (mule ears) within heater coils has limited the inspection capabilities of ultrasonic-based intelligent pigs. However, recent advances in this technology now allow for the inspection of fired heater coils that include plug headers, without requiring coil modifications such as radial or deflector inserts.

Are you looking for steps to gain more insight into the health of your steam traps and steam systems to improve personnel safety, reliability and productivity? Find out how Emerson’s wireless steam trap health monitoring solutions increase the availability of your steam traps by identifying problems quickly for fast repair or replacement. Learn more.

Capital projects that overrun their budgets are a major strategic issue
in the oil &  gas and petrochemical industries. Leading EPCs are
turning to standardized and modular designs to reduce engineering and
capital cost uncertainties, and improve alignment with owner-operators.
In this new white paper, learn how you can deliver best-in-class project
execution using an integrated engineering solution for repeatable
designs.