The vessel and reactor operating in a refinery may undergo various deteriorations due to their operating conditions.
The vessel and reactor operating in a refinery may undergo various deteriorations due to their operating conditions.1 Therefore, to protect the vessel and reactor from such deteriorations, the inner surface of the wall should be cladded by stabilized austenitic stainless-steel grades like SS321 and SS347. However, reactors and/or vessels are often composed of mostly chromium molybdenum (Cr-Mo) alloy steel grades, which is enough to maintain structural stability during operations at full capacity load. The combination of low-alloy steel with stabilized austenitic steel grades was obtained by dissimilar welding processes between clad plates or by a weld overlay.2
One such similar combination
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