Reliance Industries Limited operates one of the largest coker units in the world at its Jamnagar refinery complex. The unit has a processing capacity of 163 kbpsd of vacuum residue. Vacuum residue from vacuum distillation units is delivered to the delayed coking unit (Fig. 1). After preheat, the vacuum residue enters the bottom of the coker fractionator. The liquid is then pumped through the coker heaters where it is rapidly heated to about 500°C for thermal cracking in coke drums. Thermal cracking in stored heated residuum in the coke drum produces vapors that are separated in the coker fractionator as valuable products like fuel gas, LPG, naphtha, diesel and gasoil. Solid product left
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