Cyber security is an established discipline for commercial and business computer systems but not for manufacturing and process control computer systems in the hydrocarbon processing industries (HPI). Historically, people have attacked computers to obtain stored information. Thus, cyber security typically has focused on information or data security so it cannot be read or compromised. However, the nature of attacks has changed as technology and opportunities have evolved. Therefore, HPI cyber security needs to be defined more broadly to include various malicious acts that could be perpetrated through access to a computer system, including disablement or manipulation to cause harm.1
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