The European hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) is a complex set of refineries and petrochemical facilities distributed among several nations, all of which are critical to the international trading and economy of the EU.
Eni’s Venice refinery is the first refinery converted from a conventional refining complex to a biorefinery.
The Repsol refinery in Cartagena, Spain, recently was revamped to double its throughput capacity to 200 Mbpd.The European hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) is a complex set of refineries and petrochemical facilities distributed among several nations (Fig. 1). Like the US downstream industry, the EU’s HPI is mature. Many of the EU’s refineries were rebuilt following WWII due to severe damage. As older-built processing facilities, most European HPI facilities are smaller in size than the mo
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