Russian laws governing transportation fuels and crude oil have undergone many changes. These regulatory changes will involve the revamping of Russia’s refining industry. At present, this nation h..
Russian laws governing transportation fuels and crude oil have undergone many changes. These regulatory changes will involve the revamping of Russia’s refining industry. At present, this nation has 22 large refineries—each with a throughput capacity of 5 million tpy (MMtpy), according to the Russian Ministry of Energy’s register.1–3 However, the domestic refining industry includes eight mid-sized refineries with capacities ranging from 1 MMtpy to 5 MMtpy and over 200 small refineries with significantly much lower processing capacity (under 1 MMtpy).
Under the new laws, domestic refineries must modernize or shut down. Not all of Russia’s refineries will be upgraded
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