Processing synthetic crudes will impact quality and quantity of transportation fuels; thus, modifying refinery configuration is necessary
Feedstocks for transportation fuels are becoming "heavier" as illustrated by the new feedstocks for refineries. These feeds are characterized by lower-API and higher-sulfur, and are increacingly derived from synthetic crudes and bitumen blends. The contaminant levels and composition of the changing feedstocks are more challenging to upgrade into cleaner fuels. Thus, refiners will rely on integrating existing and new processing methods to refine heavy and synthetic crudes into consumer products.
Energy outlook. Reduced availability of light conventional crudes will create demand for new crude sources that will mandate modifying refinery configurations. The production of heavy crudes, synthe
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