Industry has developed several semi-quantitative measures of the scaling tendency of water. System designers and engineers use these empirical indices to predict the scaling from water ..
Industry has developed several semi-quantitative
measures of the scaling tendency of water. System designers
and engineers use these empirical indices to predict the
scaling from water and to design the proper pretreatment
equipment. Properly interpreting these indices is critical
for water-reuse applications.
Scaling is the precipitation of sparingly soluble
materials on metallic surfaces. It is important to note that
scaling indices have two major shortcomings. First, the
nature of the precipitated material determines the likelihood
of scaling, e.g., discrete crystallization or amorphous
solids. Secondly, suspended sol
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