U.S. EPA issues first underground injection permits for carbon storage in California (U.S.)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued its first Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI well permits in California, allowing for carbon sequestration at a site in Kern County.
The permits, granted to Carbon TerraVault JV Storage Company Sub 1 LLC (CTV), a subsidiary of California Resources Corp. (CRC), mark a significant step in efforts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and combat climate change.
The permits authorize the construction of four deep injection wells in the Elk Hills Oil Field, approximately 20 miles west of Bakersfield. These wells, set to be drilled to depths exceeding a mile below the surface, will inject and permanently store CO2 in the Monterey Formation. Over the 26-yr project lifespan, CTV plans to inject 1.5 metric MMtpy of CO2, totaling nearly 38 MM tonnes.
“This permit is authorized because the Safe Drinking Water Act allows for carbon injection projects that protect drinking water sources,” said Martha Guzman, EPA Pacific Southwest Regional Administrator. “EPA worked to ensure the permit includes continuous monitoring for carbon dioxide leaks, with data made publicly available. Additionally, CTV must plug 200 abandoned wells in the project area before injection begins.”
EPA conducted an extensive technical review of the permit application, evaluating geologic data, seismic activity and the integrity of surrounding formations. The agency concluded that the Monterey Formation is well-suited for carbon storage, with a confining zone to prevent migration of CO2.
The permits require rigorous monitoring of well integrity, groundwater quality and CO2 movement. Surface-level air and leak detection monitoring will ensure injected CO2 remains underground, with data accessible through a public website. Emergency response plans are also mandated to address potential issues.
Before injection operations can start, CTV must plug 200 abandoned wells in the area to ensure containment. EPA will verify these activities and approve final records to confirm compliance. The project also includes financial safeguards, with $30 MM secured for well plugging, post-injection site care and emergency measures.
While the permits allow CO2 injection under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, CTV must adhere to additional state and local regulations. The permits will remain in effect throughout the project’s operation and post-injection site care until closure is completed.
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