Recycling municipal wastewater has been practiced for many years; yet, reusing wastewater in the petroleum industry has been limited. Nonetheless, tightening effluent regulations and diminishing freshwater supplies have generated interest in treating refinery wastewaters for reuse. Historically, refinery wastewater has been treated to various effluent qualities through oil/water separation and biological secondary treatment. This treatment level cannot produce effluent that is suitable for reuse within refinery processes. New developments in membrane technology have enabled refineries to implement treatment strategies that allow treated process wastewater to be reused. Water reuse applicatio
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